Engineering Economics (Ethical, Civics, and Stewardship) Essay

Engineering Economics (Ethical, Civics, and Stewardship) - Essay Example An engineer should avoid deceptive tactics when delivering services since this tarnishes the reputation of engineering in the community. In addition to that an engineer should ensure that health and safety of the entire public is not compromised. An engineer just like any citizen he has an obligation to play as a citizen of United States. First he should use his profession to enhance the quality of life of other Americans. Above all, an engineer should ensure that his due taxes are paid in time. Maintaining peace and defending America when performing his services adds up to good citizenship of the United States. Stewardship can be defined as leading by example accepting responsibility for the activities carried. Engineers are involved in developing and managing complex projects and as human being errors do occur. A professional engineer should admit responsibility on his part rather engaging in blame a game that would lead nowhere. However, this does not mean that engineers should be reckless in their duties, but try to minimize such scenarios. Stewardship also encompasses admitting responsibility for excellence in service delivery, though most people only focus on the

A quel point la perscution des minorits refltait-elle la volont des Essay

A quel point la perscution des minorits refltait-elle la volont des forces d'occupation et quel point refltait-el - Essay Example La zone non occupee de la [France] et l'assistance necessaires administration economique.2 Il y avait des problemes majeurs. Les deux Francais et Britanniques ont combattu pour l'independance de la France. "Dans la campagne de 1940 les Francais se sont battus courageusement, mais ... [l]es Britanniques ont combattu beaucoup plus obstinement ... ».3 Pour donner un peu de contexte, l'Allemagne avait acquis une partie de la France qui a ete envahie par les gens.  «En occupant la moitie nord du pays et toute la cote Atlantique, l'Allemagne s'est approprie le partie la plus riche et le plus peuple de la France metropolitaine ».4 En raison de l'oppression de son peuple, la reputation de Vichy est a jamais ternie. "L'histoire de Vichy, en cette epoque, abonde en pareils trompe-l'?il ».5 A la defense du peuple juif, les combats ont a l'Est. "Par consequent, au cours de la plupart des annees de combats sur le front de l'Est (ou la majeure partie de l'armee allemande a ete engage), les conditions sont devenues de plus en plus semblables a celles sur le front occidental dans la Premiere Guerre mondiale ».6 Il semblait que beaucoup de gens meprisaient les Juifs, c'etait un sentiment populaire et a la mode d'epouser a l'epoque. "Meme apres la guerre, Xavier Vallat revendiquee, avec quelque raison, que l'anti-semitisme de Vichy avait reflechi volonte populaire. Dans les registres tenus par l'administration francaise au cours de 1940-1944 il ya des signes evidents de l'antipathie populaire pour les Juifs, en particulier pour les refugies juifs etrangers ... ... repandre sur les Juifs d'origine francaise ainsi  ».7 Pendant ce temps, le cerveau se cache derriere la disparition du peuple juif etait Adolf Hitler-autrichien d'origine juive, vilipende les juifs et les exalte la race aryenne ci-dessus toutes les autres races. "Tout le monde sait Adolf Hitler. Notions du Troisieme Reich et la Seconde Guerre mondiale, [assurer] la  «Fuhrer » un endroit sur [dans l'hist oire]. Mais la situation varie considerablement dans l'histoire de cet homme.†8 Allemands voulaient eliminer totalement le peuple juif. "[L'Allemand] Armee et la Marine ... [A] l'avantage de la situation ... nouvelle [s] de faire valoir leurs interets.†9 Les gitans ont ete un autre peuple qui ont ete persecutes par les Allemands. "Si les ambitions allemandes en France concernees les moyens de maximiser l'exploitation de l'economie francaise dans l'interet de l'Allemagne, Vichy a saisi l'occasion fournie par la conquete allemande de realiser un [efficace] purge de la societe francaise, et un remodelage de la France a son image ».10 La persecution de toute personne consideree comme anormale a ete facilement acceptee par la societe francaise. Cette  «purge » de la societe francaise etait en effet l'un qui comprend un secteur important de personnes-des personnes handicapees, les personnes qui avaient des malformations congenitales, et cetera. Personne n'a ete epargne p ar le grand filet et le mal qui a ete coule pour tous ceux qui ont regarde differemment, agi differemment, ou ont vecu d'une maniere differente que le reste de la dynamique de la societe.Le francais de la

Modelling of Moisture Adsorption for Sugar Palm

Modelling of Moisture Adsorption for Sugar Palm Modelling of Moisture Adsorption for Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Starch Film Tri Hadi Jatmiko a) , Crescentiana D. Poeloengasih, Dwi Joko Prasetyo and Hernawan Research Unit for Natural Product Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract. Sorption characteristic of food products is important for design, optimization, storage and modelling. Sugar palm starch film with two different plasticizers (sorbitol and glycerol) with varied concentration studied for its adsorption isotherm characteristic. The data of adsorption isotherm fitted with GAB, Oswin, Smith and Peleg models. All models describe the experiment data well, but Peleg model is better than the other models on both sugar palm starch film plasticized with sorbitol and glycerol. Moisture sorption of sugar palm starch increased linearly with plasticizer concentration. A new model by taking account of plasticizer concentration describes the experiment data well with an average of coefficients of determination (R2) 0.9913 and 0.9939 for film plasticized with glycerol and sorbitol respectively. Keywords: Sugar palm starch; glycerol; sorbitol; model; moisture sorption isotherm Utilization of biopolymers for the film has attracted the interest of researchers to explore starch as a material for the film. Starch has attracted great attention because it is easily obtained, widely available, cheap, eco-friendly, renewable and film-forming properties [1,2]. The studies that have been conducted shows that the sugar palm starch has the potential to be used as raw material for the film [1,3-6]. The use of pure starch will produce the fragile film, which is usually overcome by the addition of plasticizers. The addition of plasticizer on the film made of starch will affect the characteristics of the film, one that has changed is the characteristic of moisture absorption of the film. Moisture sorption isotherm is the relationship between the amount of water content of foodstuffs with humidity at a constant temperature and displayed in graphical form [7]. Moisture sorption isotherm models are useful for predicting water sorption characteristics of foods, even though they furnish little insight into the interaction of water and food. Even though a number of mathematical models exist to explain moisture sorption isotherms of foods substances, none equation offers accurate outcome for the period of the entire variety of water activities, or for all types of foods material, it is because of water associated with a matrix of food with different mechanisms on different humidity [7]. Only a few studies have reported the content of the plasticizer into account in the determination of moisture sorption isotherm of a starch film. Coupland (2000) reported the effect of glycerol on the moisture sorption behavior of whey protein isolate film, that consider the content of plasticizer in moister sorption of the film [8]. Jatmiko (2016) reported that four parameter Peleg model could be used to give a good description of moisture sorption of sugar palm starch based film. In this study, we report sorption isotherms for sugar palm starch based films affected by plasticizer. Moisture sorption isotherm of sugar palm starch film from Jatmiko (2016) was used for this study. The data fitted with the following model: Oswin Oswin equation is one of the best model for describing the moisture sorption of starchy food and gave a good fit for vegetables and meat [7]. where M is the moisture content (g/g dry solid), aw is water activity, A and B are constant. Smith Smith has developed a water sorption isotherm equation based on the theory that water adsorbed on a dry surface composed of two fractions. The first fraction has a heat of condensation is higher than normal and the second fraction consisting of multilayers of water molecules, which can prevent the evaporation of the initial layer [9]. where M is the moisture content (g/g dry solid), A is the quantity of water in the first sorbed fraction, and B is the quantity of water in the multilayer moisture fraction, aw is water activity. GAB GAB equation is one of the most widely used equations in predicting water sorption isotherms [7]. where M is the moisture content (g/g dry solid), M0 is the monolayer moisture content; C and K are constants. Peleg Four parameters model proposed by Peleg [10] can be used for both sigmoid and non-sigmoid isotherm and some studies report that Peleg model better than GAB model. where M is the moisture content (g/g dry solid), K1, K2, n1 and n2 are constants. Moisture sorption of sugar palm starch film with sorbitol and glycerol shows sigmoidal shape as shown in Fig. 1. According to the classification of Al-Muhtaseb et. al [7] the moisture sorption of sugar palm starch film is type III. FIGURE 1. Moisture Sorption isotherm of sugar palm starch film plasticized with sorbitol (A) and glycerol (B) The data of moisture sorption of sugar palm starch film with glycerol and sorbitol plasticizer were fitted with models from previous studies. Generally, all models describe moisture sorption isotherm of sugar palm starch film plasticized with glycerol and sorbitol well. The model constants from previous studies present in Table 1 and Table 2. TABLE 1. Model constants for sugar palm starch film with glycerol Model constants Glycerol 30% 35% 40% 45% Oswin A 0.236 0.2775 0.3229 0.3855 B 0.3615 0.3494 0.3465 0.3222 R2 0.9976 0.9964 0.9936 0.9941 Smith A 0.086 0.1128 0.1365 0.1872 B 0.2047 0.2266 0.2588 0.2751 R2 0.9805 0.9789 0.9739 0.9797 GAB M0 0.116423 0.137712 0.159887 0.195346 C 978656.7 968661.7 998659.9 943564.8 K 0.884887 0.877535 0.876436 0.858216 R2 0.9859 0.9808 0.9763 0.9737 Peleg K1 0.3715 0.4346 0.4799 0.5378 K2 0.6842 0.7666 0.9006 0.933 n1 0.5756 0.5558 0.4751 0.4117 n2 12.39 13.04 12.49 11.28 R2 0.9998 0.9996 0.9998 0.9995 TABLE 2. Model constants for sugar palm starch film with sorbitol Model constants Sorbitol 35% 40% 45% Oswin A 0.09689 0.0946 0.1015 B 0.6194 0.6633 0.6632 R2 0.9984 0.998 0.9982 Smith A -0.09125 -0.1231 -0.1323 B 0.2449 0.2819 0.3026 R2 0.9345 0.9236 0.9242 GAB M0 0.04948 0.04986 0.05356 C 978656.7 968661.7 998659.9 K 0.969 0.977 0.976 R2 0.999 0.9992 0.9994 Peleg K1 1.001 1.201 1.276 K2 0.2379 0.2483 0.2547 n1 16.45 17.16 16.39 n2 1.058 1.102 1.042 R2 0.9991 0.9988 0.9992 GAB equation shows that the higher the concentration of plasticizer, the amount of water in the monolayer will be even greater. According to Mali [11], this happens because the more content of the plasticizer, the more active sites that bind water. The moisture content on a monolayer of sugar palm starch film plasticized with sorbitol was lower than sugar palm starch film plasticized with glycerol. Sorbitol structural molecule similar to glucose that cause strong interaction between sorbitol and polymer chain, as a result, there is a lower possibility for sorbitol to interact with water [12]. Meanwhile, glycerol could withstand water in their matrix because the hydroxyl group in glycerol had a strong affinity with water [13]. All of the above models can describe the moisture sorption isotherms by the film of sugar palm starch well, but none of them describe the effect of the concentration of plasticizer in moisture sorption isotherms by sugar palm starch film. So we proposed a new model that consider the concentration of plasticizer on moisture sorption of sugar palm starch film plasticized with glycerol and sorbitol. where M is the moisture content (g/g dry solid), a, b, c, d constant and x is plasticizer concentration. TABLE 3. Constants of new model for sugar palm starch film Plasticizer Concentration Model constants R2 a b c d Sorbitol 35% 1.01174 10.77467 0.628699 1.700724 0.9934 40% 1.193598 11.48727 0.601008 1.870756 0.9939 45% 1.279081 11.42559 0.57095 2.002083 0.9948 Glycerol 30 0.760819 7.644822 1.808462 1.724646 0.9908 35% 0.845172 7.780921 1.784906 1.79808 0.9897 40% 0.977611 8.132343 1.755913 1.856643 0.9918 45% 1.024442 7.656481 1.717197 1.9017 0.9931 Table 3. shows the model constants and coefficient of determination that describe the moisture sorption of sugar palm starch film plasticized with sorbitol and glycerol well. The moisture sorption isotherm of sugar palm starch film increase linearly with plasticizer concentration. A new model that consider the plasticizer content show the sorption isotherm sugar palm starch film well. The authors grateful to Indonesian Institute of Sciences for providing financial assistance through Riset Unggulan 2016 during this investigation. We also extent our appreciation to Deputy of Engineering Science, Indonesian Institute of Sciences for his encouragement and support during this work . C. D.Poeloengasih, Y. Pranoto, S. N. Hayati, Hernawan, V.T. Rosyida, D.J. Prasetyo, et al., A physicochemical study of sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata) starch films plasticized by glycerol and sorbitol, AIP Conference Proceedings 1711   (American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2016),   p. 80003. T. H. Jatmiko, C. D Poeloengasih, D. J. Prasetyo, V.T. Rosyida, Effect of plasticizer on moisture sorption isotherm of sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata) starch film, AIP Conference Proceedings 1711, (American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2016), p. 80004. W. Apriyana, C. D. Poeloengasih, Hernawan, S. N. Hayati, Y. Pranoto. Mechanical and microstructural properties of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) starch film: Effect of aging. AIP Conference Proceedings 1755. (American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2016), p. 150003. M. L. Sanyang, S. M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, M.R. Ishak, J. Sahari. Effect of glycerol and sorbitol plasticizers on physical and thermal properties of sugar palm starch based films in Recent Advances in Environment, Ecosystems and Development, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Environment, Ecosystems and Development (EED 15), edited by Aida Bulucea (WSEAS Press, 2015), p. 157-162. M. Sanyang, S. Sapuan, M. Jawaid , M. Ishak, J. Sahari, Polymers 7(6), 1106-24 (2015) M. R. Ishak, S. M. Sapuan, Z. Leman, M. Z. Rahman, U. M. K. Anwar, J. P. Siregar, Carbohydr Polym. 91(2), 699-710 (2013) H . Al-Muhtaseb, W. McMinn,   M, Magee TR,   Food Bioprod Process 80(2), 118-28. (2002) J.N. Coupland, N. B. Shaw, F. J. Monahan, Dolores ORiordan E, M . OSullivan, J Food Eng. 43(1), 25-30 (2000) Ricardo D. ANDRADE P. Roberto LEMUS M. CEPC, Vitae, Rev La Fac Quà ­mica Farm. 18(3), 325-334 (2011) M Peleg, J Food Process Eng; 16(1):21-37. (1993) S. Mali, M. V. E. Grossmann, M. A. Garcà ­a, M. N. Martino, N. E. Zaritzky, J Food Eng. 75(4), 453-460 (2006) M. Cerqueira, B. W. S. Souza, Teixeira J, A. Vicente, Food Hydrocoll. 27(1), 175-184 (2012) S. Mali , L. S. Sakanaka, F. Yamashita, M. V. E Grossmann, Carbohydr Polym. 60(3), 283-289 (2005)

two different countries Essay -- essays research papers

It is said that technology is turning our world into a global village, and this is true to some extent but even now if we move from one city to another, one can feel the difference in language, culture, life style and many more. In my case I moved thousand of miles from my country, Pakistan. The differences are unimaginable. I was born in a very big house with 5 bedrooms, 2 living rooms, 2 kitchens, big lawns in front and back, servant quarters and couple of servants serving my family. This wasn’t like this because we were filthy rich or millionaires. It simply portrays a middle class home in my country. My grandmother was used to wake up before sunrise and opened all the windows and doors for fresh air, and for the voice of rooster. Then she was used to sit on a very low table with lots of colorful round pillows, directing servants what to do and peeling vegetables or cleaning rice. The house was cleaned from top to bottom everyday. For lunch a long red and white-patterned tablecloths was laid on the floor and all the ladies in home use to eat together. My mother use to make bread in a special underground oven. Men usually came home by the evening and dinner was an important event since everybody was supposed to be there for it. Things haven’t changed a lot now. I grew up in a very conservative city where girls have fewer rights and are raised with the concept that our essential goal is to get married and serve our husbands, making sure our household runs in the best way po...

China and Globalization Essay

China’s rapid ascent as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies (Adornino & Wilcox, 96) has triggered enormous attention among scholars interested not only in the political, economic and social underpinnings of its continued growth but also in the implications of its increased integration with the global economy. Indeed, an examination of the unique characteristic of China’s development and transition from a planned, centralized economy based on the socialist ideology to the liberal, open-market economy it is today strengthens the arguments in support of globalization. On the other hand, the impact of its liberalization and democratization on China’s poor also presents a critical view on the trade-offs of global integration. The stage for China’s entry into the global economy was clearly set by the transition from a closed, relatively self-sufficient economy which was crystallized in the post-Mao era under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership in the Chinese Communist Party. In the late 1970s, the Party began instituting domestic economic and social reforms mirroring its abandonment of the socialist economy and ideology in favor of neoliberal economics. (Adormino & Wilcox 96) Among the major reforms undertaken was the development and democratization of trade and markets, effectively allowing uncontrolled private ownership to the means of production, heretofore owned publicly, and the shift from a planned economy to a â€Å"market-oriented free trading system. † (Guan, 2001:118) Likewise, the Chinese government reduced state control and intervention in economic activities as it began to adopt an Open Door policy to attract foreign direct investment and facilitate the growth of China’s international trade. Thus, China became part of the global economy after economic liberalization and democratization. On the other hand, the country’s integration into the neoliberal world economic order has also been the subject of much criticism. Guan (2000) notes that the implementation of market reforms and China’s consequent integration drastically changed not only the country’s economic system but also important aspects of its social policy. (119) As a result of the shift to a free market economy, the State’s role in the provision of welfare and security for its citizens significantly diminished. For instance, food and price subsidies have been stopped and the poor are faced with the risks of unemployment. Likewise, Guan (2001) asserts that widening social inequality has also characterized modern China despite sustained economic growth and efforts at reforming social policy to provide safety nets for labor, agriculture, and other poor sectors. (243) Undoubtedly, knowledge of both the negative and positive aspects of liberalization informs the Chinese government’s attitude toward global economic integration. This is evident in the manner by which the state has controlled the pace of China’s integration with the international economy in order to preserve social stability. (Adornino & Wilcox, 97; Yong & Moore, 117) However, Yong and Moore (2004) attribute the State’s waryness of completely and totally embracing globalization to its fear of the inherent weaknesses and vulnerabilities of a globalized system that could jeopardize China’s â€Å"strategic outlook as an aspiring great power. † (117) China is thus effectively hindered from fully associating itself with the global economy due to its political identity as a socialist country and to the fact that the market reform has resulted into the further fragmentation of interests in Chinese society. Thus, it is in the most ironic sense that, as Adornino and Wilcox (2006) observe, the Chinese Communist Party legitimizes its rule and power through a flourishing capitalist economy. (100) The State is therefore careful of rushing headlong into a fully open, liberalized country since this would entail the further erosion of its power as â€Å"market reforms have increasingly devolved decision-making powers to producers and enterprise managers. † (Adornino & Wilcox, 100) The further diffussion and decentralization of power threatens not only the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party but also endangers the country to social instability as the needs of its citizens become increasingly diverse and at the same time polarized between those benefitting from the market reform and those who have lost much because of it. (Adornino & Wilcox, 100) China’s experience in globalization is arguably unique due to the government’s ambivalence in adopting a clearly Capitalist stance and ideology and the pressure created by the need for social equality. China’s integration to the global market is hampered by internal difficulties in aligning various political and economic interests. On the one hand, China’s economic restructuring has created a rapidly growing and expanding market and trading system integrated with the international economy. On the other hand, its government has to precariously balance competing interests in social and domestic policy, resolve the problems in social inequality, and at the same time reduce its involvement in economic activities as demanded by the free market economy. Thus, while the benefits of China’s rapidly growing economy is obvious for the elite, the host of political and social problems created in its wake also makes the majority of the Chinese people bear the brunt of the development from a clearly socialist path into an ambivalent capitalist society. Works Cited: Adormino, Giovanni and Wilcox, Russel G. â€Å"China: Between Social Stability and Market Integration. † China & World Economy 14. 3(2006):95-108. Guan, Xin Ping. â€Å"China’s Social Policy: Reform and Development in the Context of Marketization and Globalization. † Social Policy and Administration 34. 1(2000):115-130. Guan, Xinping. â€Å"Globalization, Inequality, and Social Policy: China on the Treshold of Entry into the World Trade Organization. † Social Policy and Administration 35. 3(2001):242-257. Yong, Deng and Moore, Thomas G. â€Å"China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great Power Politics? † The Washington Quarterly 27. 3(2004):117-136.

Citizen of the United States Essay

I would define a citizen as someone, who was born in, or to a certain place, who is guaranteed certain rights in the place that they were born in. Citizenship in the United States means that a person is a legally recognized member of the nation. Each citizen has equal rights under the law. All citizens have certain rights, privileges, and responsibilities. Americans who are not citizens have many of the same rights, privileges, and responsibilities of citizens. However, they do not have such important rights as the right to vote in elections, serve on juries, or hold elected office. Means that a person is recognized as a legal member of the nation  gives each person certain rights and privileges, e.g., the right to vote and to hold public office  means each person has certain responsibilities, e.g., respecting the law, voting, paying taxes, serving on juries  explain that citizens owe allegiance or loyalty to the United States; in turn they receive protection and other services from the government Nothing is more important to America than citizenship; there is more assurance of our future in the individual character of our citizens than in any proposal I, and all the wise advisers I can gather, can ever put into effect in Washington. Warren G. Harding (1920) Rights of individuals. Citizens have rights.  personal rights, e.g., to associate with whomever one pleases, live where one  chooses, practice the religion of one’s choice, travel freely and return to the United States, emigrate  political rights, e.g., to vote, speak freely and criticize the government, join organizations that try to influence government policies, join a political party, seek and hold public office  economic rights, e.g., to own property, choose one’s work, change employment, join a labor union, establish a business  Citizens not only must be aware of their rights, they must also exercise them responsibly and they must fulfill those responsibilities necessary to a self-governing, free, and just society. No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no economic plan or project can replace that God-imposed responsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. Herbert Hoover (1931) Citizens have rights. personal responsibilities, e.g., taking care of themselves, accepting responsibility for the consequences of their actions, taking advantage of the opportunity to be educated, supporting their families civic responsibilities, e.g., obeying the law, respecting the rights of others, being informed and attentive to the needs of their community, paying attention to how well their elected leaders are doing their jobs, communicating with their representatives in their school, local, state, and national governments, voting, paying taxes, serving on juries, serving in the armed forces

Abraham Maslow Quotes About Psychology

Abraham Maslow Quotes About Psychology Abraham Maslow was a psychologist and the founder of the school of thought known as humanistic psychology. Perhaps best remembered for his famous needs hierarchy, he believed in the basic goodness of people and was interested in topics such as peak experiences, positivity, and human potential. In addition to his work as a teacher and researcher, Maslow also published several popular works including Toward a Psychology of Being and Motivation and Personality. The following are just a few selected quotations from his published works: On Human Nature When people appear to be something other than good and decent, it is only because they are reacting to stress, pain, or the deprivation of basic human needs such as security, love, and self-esteem.(Toward a Psychology of Being, 1968)Getting used to our blessings is one of the most important nonevil generators of human evil, tragedy, and suffering.(Motivation and Personality, 1954)It seems that the necessary thing to do is not to fear mistakes, to plunge in, to do the best that one can, hoping to learn enough from blunders to correct them eventually.(Motivation and Personality, 1954)I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail.(The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance, 1966) On Self-Actualization Self-actualizing people have a deep feeling of identification, sympathy, and affection for human beings in general. They feel kinship and connection as if all people were members of a single family.(Motivation and Personality, 1954)Self-actualizing persons contact with reality is simply more direct. And along with this unfiltered, unmediated directness of their contact with reality comes also a vastly heightened ability to appreciate again and again, freshly and naively, the basic goods of life, with awe, pleasure, wonder, and even ecstasy, however, stale those experiences may have become for others.(Toward a Psychology of Being, 1968)Something of the sort has already been described for the self-actualizing person. Everything now comes of its own accord, pouring out, without will, effortlessly, purposelessly. He acts now totally and without deficiency, not homeostatically or need-reductively, not to avoid pain or displeasure or death, not for the sake of a goal further on in the futu re, not for any end other than itself. His behavior and experience become per se, and self-validating, end-behavior and end-experience, rather than means-behavior or means-experience.(Toward a Psychology of Being, 1968) Musicians must make music, artists must paint, poets must write if they are to be ultimately at peace with themselves. What human beings can be, they must be. They must be true to their own nature. This need we may call self-actualization.(Motivation and Personality, 1954) On Love I may say that (Being) love, in a profound but testable sense, creates the partner. it gives him a self-image, it gives him self-acceptance, a feeling of love-worthiness, all of which permit him to grow. It is a real question whether the full development of the human being is possible without it.(Toward a Psychology Being, 1968) On Peak Experiences The person in peak-experiences feels himself, more than other times, to be the responsible, active, creating center of his activities and of his perceptions. He feels more like a prime-mover, more self-determined (rather than caused, determined, helpless, dependent, passive, weak, bossed). He feels himself to be his own boss, fully responsible, fully volitional, with more free-will than at other times, master of his fate, an agent.(Toward a Psychology of Being, 1968Expression and communication in the peak–experiences tend often to become poetic, mythical, and rhapsodic as if this were the natural kind of language to express such states of being.(Toward a Psychology of Being, 1968) You can learn more about Abraham Maslow by reading this brief biography of his life, further explore his hierarchy of needs  and his concept of self-actualization. Source: Maslow, A. Motivation and Personality. 1954.   Maslow, A. The Psychology of Renaissance. 1966.   Maslow, A. Towards a Psychology of Being. 1968.

Why do you need to prep for the SAT

Why do you need to prep for the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you thinking about how much to prep for the SAT, or whether you should even prep for the SAT? This article answers your questions on that! The Origins of the SAT When the ETS (the folks who make the SAT) began, way back in 1947, college admission was based entirely on high school records and admissions counselors’ opinions of students’ â€Å"character.† Obviously, this was a bad way to form a student body and also extremely unfair. There had to be some way to assess all the students in the country uniformly to be able to compare between them. The Challenge of the SAT But how do you test â€Å"scholastic aptitude,† as the SAT used to claim it did? You have to use only material that everyone has been taught in school, or it’s unfair. You have to make it multiple choice, or grading would be impossible (the essay is an attempt to bypass some of the limitations of multiple choice testing). They’re not trying to test subjects, they’re trying to test reasoning: â€Å"to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic; to find an answer to a problem by considering various possible solutions† (adapted from the New American Oxford Dictionary). But there are lots of systems in which logic operates: which to choose? What They Decided to Do In an effort to be fair to â€Å"language people† and â€Å"math people† alike, they chose to include both systems in their test of â€Å"scholastic aptitude.† (They had to change this acronym because many people claimed that the SAT was not an accurate test of scholastic aptitudenow the letters â€Å"SAT† technically don’t stand for anything.) But, inevitably, the standardization of the testfrom student to student and year to yearrequired that they use the exact same elements of these two subjects, phrased in the exact same way, in every test. So they ended up with a test that has the same question formats testing the same concepts over 170 questions per test, 7 tests per year, for as many years as they can get away with not changing it. Because this test can make or break a student’s college options (and, arguably, his or her life options), each question has to be totally airtightno exceptions, no way to interpret the answer in multiple ways. The point of all this is that the SAT is, by definition, an extremely rigid, consistent and unintuitive testand those 3 aspects of it make SAT prep almost a necessity for most students. Test Format The ETS tests (SAT, GRE, and TOEFL, among others) are unlike any other test you’ve ever taken. They’re held in these specific places and times, have multiple sections about alternating subjects, and are extremely particular about what you are and aren’t allowed to use (e.g. a calculator and a watch are fine; your phone is not). This aspect alone is something everyone who cares to do well on the test should be prepared for. Question Format Originally, the ETS claimed that the test was designed not to require preparationafter all, reasoning is reasoning, right? But out here in the real world, people were learning different. Eventually the College Board (the people who own the SATETS only designs and runs it) was compelled to produce some limited preparation materials in response to public pressure. One main reason for this is that the questions on the SAT are both strangely worded and totally predictable, a combination practically designed to benefit those who prepare for the test. For example, a common Math question type is formatted like this: If someone tells you it’s opposite day, which of the following must be true? I. It is opposite day II. It is not opposite day III. The person is lying A: I only B: II only C: I and II only D: I and III only E: I, II and III Don’t think too hard about this one. The point is that this question seems much harder than it is, because this is an insane way to phrase a question. Good SAT prep (including PrepScholar) will familiarize you with how to handle these question types, among others that will almost definitely confuse students who have never seen them before. Question Content The content of the SAT, on the other hand, will be familiar to most high schoolers. The highest levels of math it requires are some complicated algebra and plane geometry; all the English skills it requires are basic tenets of writing. In fact, the content of the SAT has been pretty much the same since the 50s. The addition of the Writing section in 2005 was the biggest recent change to the test, but it’s just as formulaic and consistent as the others, for the reasons we discussed earlier in this post. The consistency of the content of the SAT is perhaps the most compelling reason to prep thoroughlyit asks about things that may seem random to the unprepared, but are actually part of a very narrow band of language and math skills. Similarly, the content that the SAT doesn’t test can be helpful to know, because it’s easy to get distracted by thing that seem odd about a question but aren’t actually ever tested. The Takeaway If you’re trying to plan your SAT prep, this blog post should be able to help you out. You don’t have to prep with us, but you should prep with something. The ETS tried to make a pure test of reasoning, but it can’t be done. The result is an idiosyncratic, seemingly random, set of topics and questions for which it is essential to prepare. And if you found this helpful or interesting, please share it or consider joining the mailing list to get our updates and insights 1-2 times per week! Also, get our FREE EBOOK on SAT Prep:

Annotated bibliography Essay Example for Free (#7)

Annotated bibliography Essay Source 1:http://business.time.com/2011/08/31/will-steve-jobs-departure-hurt-the-economy/ Summarize: This article discusses how big of an impact Steve Jobs has on the economy we live in today. Apple is a multi-billion dollar company. It has more financial ammo than most sovereign countries, by financial ammo I mean it has much more money than others companies in sovereign countries. Apple trumps the Gross domestic production of Denmark, Thailand, and Greece, which makes the company a true power house in today’s Society. If someone were to ask me what this article is about, I would tell them it explains in detail the impact Steve jobs had on the global economy. Mr. Jobs affected many countries from japan to the United States in a multitude of ways. Assess: This source is useful because it exemplifies the impact of Steve jobs from the Economic perspective. This source is very reliable because it is covered with update information and it is an original written article. The author of this article is not biased; the article exhibits both pros and cons. The goal of this article is to explain the impact Steve jobs had on the economy. Reflection: This source is genuinely helpful to me because it brings forth perfect points that I can connect to while I write my paper. It states how apple affects not only the United States Economy but other countries’ economies as well. This article helps my argument because it says that Steve jobs have a very big effect on the economy. An example of this is in the stock market, when Steve jobs stepped down as CEO of apple, the stock market dropped 5 percent. That is a bona-fide example of how he affects the economy in contrast to the prime Minister of Japan. Source 2: http://www.economist.com/node/21551058 Summarize: This article predominantly talks about how Apple is a major economy innovator. In the last 11 years, apple has come out with 3 products that have completely changed the market. The iPod, iPhone, and iPad. Apple has provided ways to effortlessly surf the internet anywhere anyone wants to, with a beautiful design. Apple has basically created its own mobile generation. Apple has demonstrated that even though the economy is strict, consumers are willing to pay for a â€Å"must have gadget†. Assess: This source is ideally useful because it describes how apple has surpassed its  competitors. Within the last 11 years apple has come out with 3 products that have changed the economy not only in the United States but in other countries too. The information presented in this article is reliable, because all the information is authentic. Also this article is not biased; it shows both the pros and con of the affects Apple has on the economy. The goal of this source is to show how Steve jobs affected the economy in various countries. Reflection: This source will be used to represent how much money Steve jobs generates and how people are willing to do to get this â€Å"must have product†. For an example there was a near-riot in Beijing when customers could not buy the latest iPhone. This source is useful to me because it shows how Steve jobs effects the economy, again when your product runs out and it starts a riot, it is clearly affecting the economy of that region. The source will shape my argument because it helps me show people just how much of an affect Steve Jobs has on the economy, his products are so well loved that if there aren’t any left people start to riot over it. Global Politics: Source 1: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/business/apple-america-and-a-squeezed-middle-class.html?pagewanted=all&_r=2& Summarize: This article mainly discuses the comment made by President Obama. As Steve Jobs was speaking, President Barack Obama interrupted and asked him â€Å"what would it take to make iPhones in the United States?Why can’t that work come home?† He said that because apple was saying that their products were made in the United States but practically all of the 70 million iPhones, 30 million iPads and 59 million other products that Apple produce were sold last year, were manufactured overseas. Mr. Jobs responded withâ€Å"Those jobs aren’t coming back.† He said that because 700,000 people engineer and build and assemble apple parts, in addition to the 43,00 people apple employs in the United States and the 20,000 they employ overseas. Nearly none of those 700,000 people live in the United states, they work in other countries. Some part of the iPhone are American. The software for the iPhone, for instance, and its marketing campaigns were created in the United States. Apple recently built a $500 million data center in North Carolina.â€Å"Also another advantage for Apple was that China provided engineers at an extent the United States could not Annotated bibliography. (2016, May 23). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Critically analyse how the concentration ratio has evolved, in recent Essay

Critically analyse how the concentration ratio has evolved, in recent years, in the following EU industry - Public Utilities.carefully consider the reasons for - Essay Example The initiative of the European Commission way back in 1969 is to coordinate the economic policies as well as to set a monetary integration among the European Union. In 2007, the goal European Commission has proven to be very successful. Having implemented the ‘Euro’ (â‚ ¬) currency back in 1999 is part of the strategy used by the European Union in achieving their purpose of making the inter-regional and inter-state trading much easier. The constantly growing economic activity within the European Union has resulted to a tight competition among the members of the EU banking and financial sector. In order to cope with the intensive competition within the industry, most of the small banks have decided to enter into a merger. The merger of the small and medium scale banks would enable them to maximize its resources through the use of economies of scale. services in order to attain a better and more competent economy. The ‘trade and investment relationship’ between the current EU members with a more profitable investment locations in Central and Eastern Europe is very promising. In fact, the ‘concept’ of inter-state trading and investments is being used by the EU commissioners to encourage more countries to become a member of the European Union.2 employment opportunity for the local people before globalization in 2001. Given the huge domestic market of the European Union, the members of EU is able to gain more strength that attracts many of the World Trade Organization (WTO) members to deal with the European Union.3 (See Table I below and Chart I on page 6) Notice that between years 1998 to 2000, the GDP of European Union has been constantly increasing. It means that the production output of the European Union was steadily growing. Normally, when the GDP is increasing, the unemployment is decreasing. Starting in 2001 when globalization became active,

Adam Smith Wealth of Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Adam Smith Wealth of Nations - Essay Example Smith is actually considered to be the Father of Modern Economics.Adam Smith's ideas as reflected in his work are still relevant today. His concept of free-trade is still what majority of the world's economy is practicing. Free trade, according to Smith, is the ability of the economy to produce the sufficient amount of goods and provide different varieties with the guidance of what he calls "the invisible hand." If there is a shortage of a certain product, price tends to increase which, in turn, gives higher profit to the producers. This entices more producers to enter the market which leads to the increase in supply of the product and more competition among the producers. Given this condition, price naturally gets lower. Once the price gets too low that the producers would incur losses than profits, they will be out of business. Although this competition can be due to human's pursuit of self-interest, this benefits the society as a whole by keeping the prices of goods at a low level and, at the same time, having a variety of products and services.This idea is what happens in our modern economic society. Businesses get into the market because they can see a potential profitable market. And what prevents these businesses to monopolize in their field is the fact that there will be other businesses or individuals who would want to get into the same market and have a fair competition.

Reflection on the Group work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on the Group work - Essay Example We were exposed to worldviews and discover alternatives in getting the work done. Extensive discussions and shared of opinions helped to improve our slides and understanding on the topic. In addition, we were able to share our responsibilities and the combination of abilities and skills allowed us to learn from each other and facilitated efficiency and productivity in delivering a quality work. Besides that, we had learnt to respect and understand people from different countries and behaviours thus developing our interpersonal and listening skills. Team spirit which is not available in an individual work has been a great motivation for us to drive our presentation to success and meet the submission dateline. All in all, it fostered our relationship while working together. Nevertheless, communication breakdown occurred occasionally due to difference in language and not all group members were native speakers. There was misunderstanding on allocation of work at the start of the project due to insufficient communication but was quickly resolved through explanations. On the other hand, conflicts were unavoidable for example the choice of research country as each team members favour home countries which they are familiar with. However, we were able to reach a consensus and all members showed their work commitments and provided constructive comments throughout the project. Lastly, it can be time consuming to work as a group as individuals have to come together at an agreed time and there would be free talk among group members which might not be relevant to our assigned task. Additional time spent on resolving conflicts and explaining views had significantly reduced our group efficiency and made it a slow process compared to working individually. I would be more confident in overcoming the difficulties in working in a multicultural group and breakdown the barriers such as stereotypes and prejudices. Additionally, I see communication as the main obstacle thus I would ma ke effort to be more patient and have high tolerance rather than being aggressive. Two-way communication and positive feedbacks are critical to resolve disputes and promote mutual understanding and respect. Besides that, I would be a good team player offering my skills, giving suggestions, be more co-operative and provide assistance to other team members when required. One of the personal weaknesses identified is that I do not have quick adaption to the change in environment or situation. I faced difficulties in communicating and expressing my views to my team members from diverse culture at the initial stage as I used to stay in my comfort zone. Also, there is lack of experience in dealing and handling conflicts and contradictions. My other negative trait would be that I tend to be a perfectionist. I like to work in an organized way and often get frustrated when other group members do not portray the same level of effort that I do. I have set a personal goal seek to overcome my wea knesses. I have decided to join societies and clubs in order to widen my circle of friends with different nationalities and countries to enhance my soft skills and develop my confidence in building relationships. The people skills will nevertheless be useful for conflict resolution enabling me to calm and control the situation besides developing problem solving skills. On the other hand, I would display more patience and accept the fact that all individuals are

Forum 1 - Chapters 1 & 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forum 1 - Chapters 1 & 2 - Assignment Example Economic dependency on maritime transportation refers to how a given country relies on maritime transportation as the countries’ main source of economic empowerment. The US has a 14% adjacency of its counties to the coastline and ends up generating a staggering 45% of the nations’ gross domestic product (GDP) and an average of 3 million jobs. A point that goes to prove how dependent we can be on maritime transportation for economic development (GAO-12-1009T, 2012). The maritime transportation security act was enacted by congress and signed into law by the then American president on November 25th, 2002 (S.3639, 2010). This law requires port facilities and vessels to carry out threat vulnerability assessments and come up with well developed and thought through security plans that is inclusive of passengers, vehicles and baggage screening parameters as well as establishing restricted areas, identification procedures and advanced surveillance systems (PUBLIC LAW, 2002). This compliance of this security act has resulted in the creation of a secure environment in the ports. The department of homeland security (DHS) is the lead agency responsible for the implementation of maritime transportation security act with the help of subsidiary bodies like the U.S, coast guard. The security act can be attributed to a number of challenges that include acquiring security port facility and vessels, a more interconnected port system with regard to new technologies and a much heightened international supply chain security. The maritime security act has also undergone challenges in program implementation and management, poor partnerships and collaboration, terrorism and funding (CRS Report for Congress, 2007). CRS Report for Congress. (2007, May 14). Maritime Security: Potential Terrorist Attacks and Protection Priorities. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved May 5, 2015, from CRS Report for Congress:

EPIDEMIOLOGIC CRITIQUE of a scientific literature Statistics Project

EPIDEMIOLOGIC CRITIQUE of a scientific literature - Statistics Project Example Previous studies have reported that families of terminally ill patients have a significantly high burden. Therefore, Gelfman, Meier, and Morrison (2008) set out to examine quantitatively the impact that consultative services at palliative care centers have on the patient’s family members. This particular research study does not utilize any conceptual or theoretical framework. This quantitative research study’s purpose was to examine whether consultative services at palliative care centers improved care quality for the bereaved family. The research question was: what is the impact of hospital palliative care consultation service on the quality of care received by family members of patients who dies at a large NYC tertiary hospital? (Gelfman et al, 2008). The research study qualifies the importance of this question by stating that there is the need for additional information of the relationship between hospital palliative care services and its effects on members of the family. This research question, in turn, qualifies the use of descriptive statistics as part of a descriptive research design. The research article set out to examine a subject that has not been researched widely with regards to hospital palliative care and its impacts on bereaved family members. The hypothesis for this study was that palliative care hospital services would improve care quality for members of the patient’s family (Gelfman et al, 2008). The research is expected to show that family members of patients who die at palliative care centers, especially those involved in the process of care, have a more favorable experience of their kin’s death, reduced costs and length of stay, and improved satisfaction. The exposure of interest was palliative care support services for the family members of terminally ill patients, while the outcome of interest was the emotional and spiritual effects of the palliative care on the

Reflection on the Group work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on the Group work - Essay Example We were exposed to worldviews and discover alternatives in getting the work done. Extensive discussions and shared of opinions helped to improve our slides and understanding on the topic. In addition, we were able to share our responsibilities and the combination of abilities and skills allowed us to learn from each other and facilitated efficiency and productivity in delivering a quality work. Besides that, we had learnt to respect and understand people from different countries and behaviours thus developing our interpersonal and listening skills. Team spirit which is not available in an individual work has been a great motivation for us to drive our presentation to success and meet the submission dateline. All in all, it fostered our relationship while working together. Nevertheless, communication breakdown occurred occasionally due to difference in language and not all group members were native speakers. There was misunderstanding on allocation of work at the start of the project due to insufficient communication but was quickly resolved through explanations. On the other hand, conflicts were unavoidable for example the choice of research country as each team members favour home countries which they are familiar with. However, we were able to reach a consensus and all members showed their work commitments and provided constructive comments throughout the project. Lastly, it can be time consuming to work as a group as individuals have to come together at an agreed time and there would be free talk among group members which might not be relevant to our assigned task. Additional time spent on resolving conflicts and explaining views had significantly reduced our group efficiency and made it a slow process compared to working individually. I would be more confident in overcoming the difficulties in working in a multicultural group and breakdown the barriers such as stereotypes and prejudices. Additionally, I see communication as the main obstacle thus I would ma ke effort to be more patient and have high tolerance rather than being aggressive. Two-way communication and positive feedbacks are critical to resolve disputes and promote mutual understanding and respect. Besides that, I would be a good team player offering my skills, giving suggestions, be more co-operative and provide assistance to other team members when required. One of the personal weaknesses identified is that I do not have quick adaption to the change in environment or situation. I faced difficulties in communicating and expressing my views to my team members from diverse culture at the initial stage as I used to stay in my comfort zone. Also, there is lack of experience in dealing and handling conflicts and contradictions. My other negative trait would be that I tend to be a perfectionist. I like to work in an organized way and often get frustrated when other group members do not portray the same level of effort that I do. I have set a personal goal seek to overcome my wea knesses. I have decided to join societies and clubs in order to widen my circle of friends with different nationalities and countries to enhance my soft skills and develop my confidence in building relationships. The people skills will nevertheless be useful for conflict resolution enabling me to calm and control the situation besides developing problem solving skills. On the other hand, I would display more patience and accept the fact that all individuals are

EPIDEMIOLOGIC CRITIQUE of a scientific literature Statistics Project

EPIDEMIOLOGIC CRITIQUE of a scientific literature - Statistics Project Example Previous studies have reported that families of terminally ill patients have a significantly high burden. Therefore, Gelfman, Meier, and Morrison (2008) set out to examine quantitatively the impact that consultative services at palliative care centers have on the patient’s family members. This particular research study does not utilize any conceptual or theoretical framework. This quantitative research study’s purpose was to examine whether consultative services at palliative care centers improved care quality for the bereaved family. The research question was: what is the impact of hospital palliative care consultation service on the quality of care received by family members of patients who dies at a large NYC tertiary hospital? (Gelfman et al, 2008). The research study qualifies the importance of this question by stating that there is the need for additional information of the relationship between hospital palliative care services and its effects on members of the family. This research question, in turn, qualifies the use of descriptive statistics as part of a descriptive research design. The research article set out to examine a subject that has not been researched widely with regards to hospital palliative care and its impacts on bereaved family members. The hypothesis for this study was that palliative care hospital services would improve care quality for members of the patient’s family (Gelfman et al, 2008). The research is expected to show that family members of patients who die at palliative care centers, especially those involved in the process of care, have a more favorable experience of their kin’s death, reduced costs and length of stay, and improved satisfaction. The exposure of interest was palliative care support services for the family members of terminally ill patients, while the outcome of interest was the emotional and spiritual effects of the palliative care on the

The Wizard of Oz as a Fairy Tale Essay Example for Free

The Wizard of Oz as a Fairy Tale Essay For hundreds of years, parents have been enthralling children with stories of magic and wishes coming true. Fairy tales are passed from one generation to the next through oral tradition, and, in modern times, books. As various societies develop, fairy tales are changed to fit the needs and morals those societies want to impress upon their children. Thus, the style and content of a fairy tale is directly affected by the social attitudes of a particular society at a particular time. Jack Zipes adopts and assumes the magical folktale is the oral version and the fairytale the literary version of a tale when he describes the rise of â€Å"the fairytale in the Western world as the mass-mediated cultural form of the folktale† (Zipes 15). Fairy tales include common themes, motifs, story lines, and characters that aid in the protagonist’s working towards a common goal. In the first chapter of his book, Swiss scholar Max Luthi identifies fourteen characteristics that are vital to the unique classification of a fairy tales as demarcated from other forms of children’s literture. With the help of these distinctive structural and stylistic features, Frank L. Baum’s novel, â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† can be classified within the boundaries of the fairy tale. â€Å"The Wizard of Oz,† like so many fairy tales, naturally has cultural, social, and political undertones interwoven within the text. Virtually all of Baum’s characters and magical land pertain to specific cultural or socio-political event of the time. Contemporary social issues are unconsciously rolled into the fabric of the story like: the yellow brick road and the silver slippers that both symbolize the influence of the gold and silver debate prominent in Baum’s time. Baum lifts phrases almost directly from Grimm. In â€Å"The Wizard of Oz†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"she wished the girl to remain with her to do the cooking and cleaning† (Baum 27) is similar to the witches request if Gretel in â€Å"Hansel and Gretel† when she says, â€Å"I want you to fetch some water and cook your brother something nice† (Grimm 53). Dorothy also states to the Scarecrow, â€Å"If you come with me Ill ask Oz to do all he can for you†(Baum 22). Which is reminiscent to the donkey’s words in the Grimms’ â€Å"The Bremen Town Musicians† (Grimm 96)†¦The basic plot of this tale is similar to â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† in that a group of helpers accompany a hero and use their specific skills to achieve a quest. Baum does not forget to include several classic airytale motifs: seven league boots are replaced with silver slippers that take the wearer any place his or her hearts desires and the classic object used three times to summon a helper is represented by the golden cap that is used to call upon the winged monkeys three times. The motifs appearance in this story demonstrates how often similar motifs are re-used in an altered states across various types of literature. The witch threatens the heroes with forty bees, forty wolves and forty crows. Though forty may not be the most commo n number used to highlight the unique fairy tale repetition of numbers, this number of course holds meaning. In the Bible there were forty days of flood, forty days of fasting and forty days of wandering. In fact the very nature of â€Å"The Wizard of Oz’s† medium, the novel, increase the differentiation between it and fairy tales. Oz is too long a work for it to be easily recognizable as a fairy tale. Most tales do not describe locations, physical features, or emotional states. Heroes are rarely afraid of foreign creatures, they just kill them or die trying, it is simply a part of their nature as heros. Luthi (Visual Aspect non-deliniation of character p. 25) Within the first few pages Baum informs the reader of the what Dorothy is wearing, a checked gingham dress, and that she â€Å"cries sorrowfully when the wizard wont see her† (Baum 60). The story’s descriptive passages concerning the physical environment mainly relate to the colors that are present (what is visible), especially in the description of the forest †¦ Psychoanalysis has classified and links fairy tales to childhood sexuality. They serve a psychological function by representing to children their subconscious sexual urges and conflicts. Bruno Bettelheim uses his â€Å"The Uses of Enchantment† to discuss the manifestation of these drives in fairytales and how children use such literature to reconcile internal struggles they may be having. The Wizard of Oz provides internal resolution in preparation for something greater—sex. Sex, is of course skirted around rather than confronted head on. For example in chapter eight of the novel, â€Å"The deadly poppy field† sleep is used as a substitute for death. Dorothy never has to experience any real death, but wakes up surrounded by dead wolves she is only mildly frightened for a moment until the woodsman explains their presence euphemistically as being not dead, but â€Å"shaggy. † Oz approaches the deep levels of meaning discussed by Bettelheim and falls into the Freudian romance, like â€Å"Cinderella† who escapes her psychologically unsatisfactory step family to achieve a better life. Dorothy, though she returns to her home in Kansa, manages to move towards maturity and self-realization. As Dorothy realizes the power of the magic slippers and the other characters find what they were looking for but had all along, the reader gets the message that what we need for â€Å"wholeness† is within, not without. Different from the psychological approach of Bettelheim, Max Luthi worked to identify what makes a fairy tale a fairy tale. So although characters may seemingly act without logic, reason, or emotion and one incident may not connect with what occurs immediately before or after it, there is a rationale that permeates every tale. Dorothy is to some degree disconnected from reality. Aunt Em and Uncle Joe are rarely happy because reality has soured them but Dorothy who is not fully integrated with reality is able to go on a quest to discover her own happiness (Luthi: Supernatural #8 p25). Dorothy, as the heroine, is in tune with the underlying fairytale theme of†¦ (Luthi p25, 34 #5, 14). Dorothy seems to be unknowingly blessed. She is mistakenly revered as a sorceress; â€Å"The silver shoes fitted her as if they had been made for her† and she accidentally kills not one, but two wicked witches. The outward sign of her charm is the mark of the good witchs kiss. In some fairytales there is a similar physical indicator, it could be freckles, red headedness, extreme ugliness or a tuft of hair. Separate but related to chance is magic. What distinguishes the fairytale from other folk literature is the prescience of magic. What is fundamental is the existence of magic and the otherworldly. Often there is a stated crossing from the mundane to a magical realm. Once in the magical realm Baum utilizes stock motifs like talking animals, witches, wizards, the Simpleton figure, caps that can summon powerful creatures three times and shows that can travel infinite distances in a few strides. Help is the central motif of the folktale, it propels the narrative and defines the hero. In the folktale the hero would not achieve his objective without help, in particular the help of otherworld beings. And this support is lavished on him. Dorothy never asks for or thinks about magic gifts but when she needs them they are granted. Gifts are given to Dorothy without entreaty and do come into play when needed but, especially in the case of the slippers, she has to work for the privilege. Dorothy shows no extraordinary strength of character yet she is given the silver shoes and fatefully obtains the golden cap. Though one would assume the nature of the heroine determines her success and reflects her good character her quest is often solely for personal gain. Dorothy and her friends want whats best for them and by following their own course they inadvertently rescue other people without intending to do so. This in turn paves the way to their ultimate goal. The happy ending, as Bettelheim reiterates, is what makes the fairy tale stand out as childrens literature. Because fairy tales provide resolution and reassurance children can easily relate and learn from the tales (Bettelheim, 10). Dorothys goal is achieved not in Oz, because Oz is not the right place for her, but instead back at home where she can apply what she has gained to get her â€Å"happily ever after†. â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† corresponds to a large number of fairy tale characteristics, but it undoubtedly does not fit quite perfectly into the exact fairy tale mold. It doesnt fit entirely, partly because its just too big. The nature of its form, the novel, demands a greater level of descriptive information and plot explication, both which lead away from the traditional fairytales.

Analysing The Challenges Facing Multilateral Organisations Today Politics Essay

Analysing The Challenges Facing Multilateral Organisations Today Politics Essay War is often the result of non negotiable problems/disputes. Since the end of the Second World War, liberal international theory advanced the establishment of international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and its sub bodies, in the belief that such international forums were where state members have a chance to discuss and air their common issues and grievances and could prevent war and, widen the corporations between nation states. However, since its creation, the legitimacy as well as the effectiveness of these multilateral institutions has always been questioned. The end of the Cold War marked a new era of world politics where the United States (US) became the predominant power in the international system. In addition, the Iraq war of 2003, led by the US, but was not authorised by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and the issue raised a question about the hegemonic position of the US over the United Nations. This is just one of the many challenges multilatera l organizations like the UN are facing today. The terrorist attack on 9th November on the US and similar attacks elsewhere in the world, as well as the increasing threat of weapon of mass destruction (being used by either a rogue state such as Iran or a terrorist group) in the 21st Century is another major challenge for the United Nations and its administrative departments. Moreover, with the increasing involvement of non state actors and non governmental organizations nowadays, the value of formal institutions like the UN is clearly affected in adverse ways. To clarify if multilateralism is in crisis or not, it is essential to firstly look at the difficulties posed by these new dimensions to multilateralism, then evaluate its reaction and effectiveness at tackling them. In this essay, the focus will be on UN as this is often seen as the vanguard of multilateralism. Firstly, the essay will examine what multilateralism can be defined as and will name the current challenges which Mult ilateralism faces, it will then go on to give analysis of the sources of those troubles. Finally, it concludes that such multilateral institutions like the United Nations are under real challenge to the effectiveness of their multilateralism; however, it is not yet in a crisis situation. The leaders of these organizations can no long presume their exchanges to be business as usual but need to take into account these growing troubles and think more about reform if multilateralism is to continue to function in a stable way. Before discussing whether multilateralism is effective one needs to consider what exactly multilateralism is. For Paul Nielsson, UN Commissioner, multilateralism is about all parties carrying out concerted efforts to strengthen the international regulatory framework (Jorgensen, 2007, p.2) and involves states pooling both resources and sovereignty. The problem for many participants in multilateral processes is that the processes themselves are often slow and difficult, and rarely do their results satisfy every participant (ibid). Thus, multilateralism is by definition a process where participants cannot expect a zero-sum outcome, where they can clearly identify their gains or losses and say it was a success or failure. Multilateralism is a compromise between states where its greatest success is that everyone is a winner and everyone is a loser, because nobody gets everything they want. However, the UN has become the focus of most peoples idea of what a true multilateral organisation is and should be. Therefore the success of the UN in resolving modern international problems is also used as the guideline to whether or not multilateralism is effective or ineffective. The recent invasion of Iraq led by the Bush administration was preceded by concerted attempts to make it a UN operation. The fact that it did not led to US claims that the UN was ineffective and prior to the invasion of Afghanistan the US president Bush said the UN was so ineffective that dont call us, well call you (ibid). However, the debate between whether unilateralism or multilateralism is the most effective method of international relations is one fought as much within America as it is internationally and as Nye observed This battle between multilateralism and unilateralism is often played out between the president and Congress and has led to a schizophrenic America (Nye, 2000, 156). A final problem is that the UN always focuses on promoting free trade as a vehicle for expanding multilateralism and economic power is focused still within the major developed Western states. Thus, developing states often see the UN as biased and ineffective when it comes to promoting the interests of the Third World (Jorgensen, 2007, p.4) However, despite the criticism for the lack of UN support for Iraq and Afghanistan invasions and thus the claims by many unilateralists that it is an international body that is largely ineffective, there remain many who still see multilateralism as the finest success of the post- war environment. The Deputy Scretary-general Asha-Rose Migiro of the UN made it clear in a speech in 2009 that the world faced more than problems of security and terrorism. These include poverty and hunger in less developed countries, the lack of protection in many areas of human rights, the global financial crisis and discrimination against women. For Migiro these problems can only be solved through, global solutions to global problems and the UN is the only existing global organisation that can deal adequately with these challenges (Migiro, 2009, p.1). Other multilateral organisations exist but in Migiros view Solutions must be hammered out in a process involving all States.   Groups such as the G-8 and G-20 are important, but it is vital to return to the United Nations as the natural locus of action on global issues (Migiro Asha-Rose , 2009, p.2). War is often the evidence of a failure of multilateralism and the UNs avoidance of actually getting involved in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan maybe seen as an effective decision rather than a failure, especially as the UN is still often the first organization that enters into a conflict arena during and after the conflict in order to either make peace or sustain a peace process. The Secretary-General made it clear that there was no choice available between multilateralism and unilateralism as We either succeed together, or we fail alone (ibid). Obviously, the avoidance of involvement in conflict is often used by participants in the conflict as a reason why the UN and multilateralism is ineffective. However, the response to aggression in international affairs is often best tackled through multilateralism. AsKevin Hartigan argues, multilateralism is a demanding organisational form. It requires its participants to renounce temporary advantage and the temptation to define their intere sts narrowly in terms of national interests, and it also requires them to forego ad hoc coalitions and to avoid policies based on situational exigencies (Hartigan, 1992, p.604). The UN has proven to be the most effective forum within which this cooperation can occur, as witnessed in the first Gulf War. In defence of the UN, Shashi Tharoor, former UN Under-secretary General noted that relative peace in the second half of the last century depended on the idea that in order to keep the peace, in order to help human beings to progress and so on, you needed a mechanism, as well as a system of rules that would actually be to the benefit of all and that this role could only effectively be carried out by the UN (Tharoor, et al, 2006. P.4). As Shashi notes, todays world is one with problems without passports (such as terrorism, climate change, drug trafficking) and the UN provides a forum for states to discuss and develop solutions to these problems on an international level of cooperation. Tharoor later observes that the problems of today are often too large, too complex for one government, or bi-lateral relationship to adequately deal with and so the involvement of the UN means, that humanity is responsible, not one government.   In that process, the universality of the United Nations gives you a mechanism to actually deliver effective results. On the first hand, the value of those collective institutions like WTO or UN is undeniable, especially in the time of globalization when the world is becoming a borderless entity where not only trade, but also problems such as drugs and climate change cross from country to country unimpeded by the sovereign idea of borders between states. The UN reduces the expense, time and effort needed by any one country to deal with threes problems. It offers a forum within which states can confidentiality work out deals and strategies, and in the process states get to know about each other freely, thus increasing the confidence in future levels of cooperation (Robert o Keohen, p2). Furthermore, as international terrorism and transnational criminals are increasing problems then it bis easier to see that a threat to one is a threat to all. Very few states have the power to stand alone and confront those difficulties ( A more secure world, 2004). Although UN has been criticised for not responding e ffectively to these emerging challenges, there is little in the way of alternatives being offered. As Robert argued; terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction can only be addressed in concert with other countries, even the super power like US(Hutchings) does not have sufficient resources, political will or power to deal with these modern challenges. However, the UN is aware that it needs to reform and has set out five primary areas for change. Reform may involve drastic changes to the members and size of the Security Council and to the way it makes decisions, but essentially it needs reforms that assist it in, 1. Reforming management and operation procedures, 2. Strengthen humanitarian action, 3. Bring human rights to all in the world, 4. Strengthen efforts to maintain peace and security, and, 5. Significant movement forward on meeting development challenges (UN). Thus the extent of the need to reform to meet these challenges goes beyond just altering the size and methods of working of the Security Council. It requires dealing with the financing of the organisation, strengthening aspects such as the Human Rights Council and ensuring that the popular promotion of multilateralism is always more effective and long-lasting solutions to the modern problems of the international system rather than the unilateralism so often chosen by s tates and directly the cause of many of the wars of today and in the past. Hartigan, Kevin (1992), Matching Humanitarian Norms with Cold, Hard Interests: The Making of Refugee Policies in Mexico and Honduras, 1980-1989, International Organisation 46, Summer, 604. Knud Erik Jà ¸rgensen(2007) The European Unions International Identity: the Role of Multilateralism Nye, Joseph (1991) Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (Basic Books 1991). Nye, Joseph (2002) The Paradox of American Power, Ikenberry, G. John (2002) Americas Imperial Ambition, Foreign Affairs, 81(5): 44-60. Migiro Asha-Rose (2009) Tackling Current Global Challenges Requires Building An Effective Multilateralism, Speech to UN, 15th April 2009 Shasis Tharoor, et al (2006) DebateThe United Nations: Still Relevant After All These Years? Carnegie Council Essay question : Is multilateralism under challenge? Or in crisis? Or is it business as Questions to define What is multilateralism, the definition, are we talking specifically about UN or any other? IR theory, Realist, Liberalistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Crisis? How do you value /define/ classify if M is in crisis? Or is it only about emerging challenges?( in that case, list the challenges), in 21st century The increasing development/involvement of non-state factors not necessarily means the fail of formal institutions. Ad hoc coalition. Alternative arrangements. Strength and weakness. Argument: challenges are real. Ineffectiveness is real. Neither takes it as crisis nor business as usual. Need to fix it. Need to reform. Ref Robert L. Hutchings, 2003, The United Nations and the Crisis of Multilateralism, Keynote Address, University of Pennsylvania, Model United Nations Conference http://www.dni.gov/nic/speeches_un_multilateralism.html Keohane, Robert O., 2006, The contingent legitimacy of multilateralism, in Edward Newman, Ramesh Thakur and John Tirman eds., Multilateralism Under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change (Tokyo: United Nations University Press). Edward Newman, Ramesh Thakur and John Tirman eds., Multilateralism Under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change (Tokyo: United Nations University Press), introduction. Newman, Edward, 2007, A Crisis of Global Institutions? Multilateralism and International Security (Oxford, Routledge) Introduction, chapter 1 and 2. A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, Report of the Secretary-Generalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (New York: United Nations, 2004), summary. Available at: www.un.org/secureworld Forman, Shepard, and Derk Segaar, 2006, New Coalitions for Global Governance: The Changing Dynamics of Multilateralism, Global Governance, vol.12, no.2.

Personal Ethics vs Professional Ethics :: professional vs personal ethics

What is the difference between personal ethics and professional ethics? Ethics is a word that can be used loosely, so it’s important to understand the meaning of this question by first discussing what is meant by personal ethics or professional ethics. I assume the question is using the term personal ethics to mean one’s conscience and the term professional ethics to mean adherence to a professional code. Sometimes those two roles can conflict. For instance, we have cases of doctors who have refused to prescribe the morning after pill, because they believe it will terminate a human life. In this case the doctor has decided that his personal ethics will guide him or her. Alternatively, a police officer may enforce a law that they personally believe is unjust. In this case the police officer has decided to put aside personal concerns and allow professional obligations to guide his or her behavior. Likewise a judge may follow the law and impose the death penalty even though he or she may be personally opposed to it. Typically people have resolved this by drawing a line between their role as a professional and their role as an individual. They often decide to follow a professional code of ethics when they are acting as a professional even though they may personally disagree. However, if your professional obligations put you in such a state of conflict that you feel you can’t uphold your personal ethics, then you have the option of resigning. This dilemma is not limited to professional vs personal. All of us are confronted with the reality of rules or laws that we personally believe are unjust or immoral. We have to determine how to resolve this tension. Being a pragmatic ethicist, I do not believe that we should always take a principled and extreme stance for every issue. For instance, I am against the death penalty, but I don’t feel like moving out of New York State just because this state allows the death penalty.

Technology :: essays research papers fc

Systems and Technology Electronics Unit 1 - 2005 Index Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 What Technology is Used. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 How and Why was it developed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Advantages and Disadvantages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Who is Affected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Log Friday 22nd April – Interviewed John Margheriti about BrakeQuips Brake Hose Manufacturing System. Duration: 30 minutes. Took many notes. Monday 25th April – Did introduction page and started to right up ‘What Technology was used’ page with notes from interview. Tuesday 26th April – Finished the ‘What Technology was used’ page Wednesday 27th April – Realized that I didn’t have enough notes to continue Thursday 28th April – Interviewed John Margheriti about BrakeQuips Brake Hose Manufacturing System for a second time. Duration: 10 minutes. Took more notes. Monday 2nd May – Wrote up ‘Advantages and Disadvantage’ and ‘Who is affected’. Tuesday 3rd May – Wrote up ‘How and why is was developed’ and Conclusion Wednesday 4th May – Put finishing touches and completed assignment Introduction In the automotive industry, the ‘ON DEMAND’ concept is very important.

Week 1 Checkpoint 1 Payment Methods

Week 1 checkpoint 1- Payment Methods. Resource:  Chapter 1 of  Medical Insurance: An Integrated Claims Process Approach Write  and post a 250- to 300- word response to the following questions: ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe, the fee-for-service and capitation payment cycles. Include the relationship among provider, patient, and payer in your presentation, and their roles in the process. Fees for services are listed on the doctor’s fee schedule and there are known to be separate fee’s with each code and sometimes these codes are not billable.So in saying this the patient may have to pay some fee’s before they leave the doctor’s office because of some sort of procedure they had done. So the way the relationship goes for the fees for service is like this. The patient makes their usual monthly payments to their health plan or it’s set up to be automatically withdrawn from their paycheck. If they make their payments on time then they can have medical services done by a physician.The patient then pays for any fee’s or co-pays for the medical services that were provided on that day and then the Medical Biller will then bill the health plan. The patient may be reimbursed for the some money they had to pay out of pocket. Capitation payment cycle is way different. Capitation means that there is a fixed prepayment that is paid to the medical provider for members of their plan for only necessary services provided to them. By using the capitation payment cycle the doctor may be taking risks for receiving fewer patients.Some doctor’s offices prefer this though because they are a small doctor’s office and only want to deal with people that have certain medical insurances so their biller and coder doesn’t have to learn everything else. The only thing with this though is that they medical insurance is going to pay the doctor’s office the same amount of money each month no matter what. Thi s may cause problems for the patient because if they don’t go see their doctor that month then they are still getting charged.

Is American Dream Still Alive?

In discussion of American dreams, one controversial issue is that Cal Thomas, the panelist on Fox News, claims that it is the dysfunctional government and unstrained liberalism that cause the end of American dreams, but the principle of American culture and the awareness of what got us here will help us to get back on the right track. On the other hand, Brandon King, a student of university of Cincinnati, argues that the American dreams are still alive. What is more, it is the inequality that ruin the American dreams.As long as people have the faith that the life will be better off than today and enact policy to sustain economic growth, the American dreams will keep alive. I totally agree with King’s view and I believe that government do play a important role in regulating economy and they should enact some policy of educational expenditure and therefore, they can provide with recourse to those who need it. Both king and Thomas discuses the definition of American dreams. Thoma s defines American dreams as achieving greater prosperity and consuming more material goods.What is more, King extends Thomas’s idea and claims that the old American dream is just as what Thomas says, but the new American dream is trimmed down version of its former self. He believes that most people prefer a stable, middle-class lifestyle now, and they change their spending habit from consuming money to get joy to focusing on saving money for the future and having secure employment by showing some statistics about ownership decreasing from 69% in 2005 to 66. 5% in 2010 and renter household increasing 1. 1million.And they both agree that culture plays an important role in shaping American dream. Thomas blames dysfunctional government and unstrained liberalism for leading Americans down a path to economic and cultural insolvency while Kings complicates his idea by arguing that government action is still helpful too. Thomas blames government for their action of over-expanding, e ncroaching, over-taxing, overspending, and over-regulating that erode some nature virtue of people such as self-reliance, individual initiative and personal accountability.However, king disagrees with him and says that government do help to bring economy back to a stable path such as funding for Wall Street and struggling businesses because of a principle that large business and financial institution enable many others to attain economic stability and security. By helping those big companies, government can increase job opportunities and hire more people, which was what President Obama did in 2010 to get economy out of depression. In the further discussion, King demonstrates that the biggest obstacle of economy recovery is inequality.And he points out that it is useless for government to redistribute income by taxing rich people and give insurance to pool people, which will only cause the total expenditure of nation decrease and lead to further recession. I totally agree with Kingâ €™s view that the American dream is still alive, and the key to keep the American dream alive and make economy prosperities is the right of education, because American people needs educational opportunity to compete in the global economy and put gainful employment in it. However, too high taxes and burdensome regulations on people are the knottiness that block people from education.A son of my mother’s friend was doing excellent job in high school and he decided to go to medical school to continue his study. One day he got a letter from administration office said that he was enrolled in johns Hopkins university. He was super excited and yearned for the college life in the future. However, the high tuition fee $39000 a year broke his heart. His family could not afford such a tuition fee at that time. So he ends up in university of Berkeley, which is a good choice for us but not for him. Our family all feel sorry for him because we believe that he deserve the top school to start his college life.From my perspective, I suggest that the government really need some policy on regulating educational expenditure that enable every person to get his or her education if he or she deserves it. In conclusion, both Thomas and King believe that the American dream is still alive. However, Thomas blames dysfunctional government for economic recession while King says it is the inequality that cause problem. I agree with King’s view and I suggest government to cut some tuition fee and enact some policy on educational expenditure to give enough educational resource to these people who deserve it, because education is the key to economic prosperity.

Observing the properties of water Essay

Experiment # 1: Place a drop of water on a smooth plastic sheet or on the bench. Look at it closely from the side. Draw the outline of the drop. How are the molecules held in their place?image00.png The drop of water and the drop of detergent have a different thickness, because the molecules are held differently. The drop of water, in fact, has a higher thickness. The molecules are closed to each other and it’s possible to notice the surface that behaves as an elastic membrane that surrounds and compresses the underlying liquid. There is a force of cohesion that determines the surface tension. Experiment #2: Fill a clean 250 ml. beaker with water to about 1 cm. below the top. Carefully float a small filter paper on the surface. Carefully drop a needle, exactly horizontal, on the paper. Wait until the paper becomes soaked and sinks. Observe the needle carefully. After you have observed it, add one drop of detergent with a glass or plastic rod. the piece of paper floats on the water and then it sinks because it get too wet. the needle continues to float, although its specific gravity is higher than the water’s one, maybe because the water surface forms a kind of membrane ( see: ex.#1), impenetrable by small objects (as the needle). Adding the detergent, the needle has sunk because the detergent breaks the bonds between water molecules that allowed to the needle to float. Very carefully, it’s possible to notice that the water surface gets curved under him ( as when we break a membrane, exactly).image01.png Experiment #3: Place a 250 ml. baker on a quite bench. Carefully, fill it into the brim (the top). Now carefully add water drop by drop until it begins to overflow. Now carefully add small amounts of Ammonium Chloride to the beaker using a spatula. How much can you add before the water overflows? Although we put lots of ammonium chloride, the water didn’t overflow. That’s really strange, because another little drop of water would make it overflow! This happened because the ions of the ammonium chloride attract the water molecules, so they are closer together and therefore they take less space. Experiment #4: Fill a baker to halfway. Scatter chalk dust over the surface. Now add one drop of detergent with a glass or plastic rod. Observe and explain.image02.png The Lycopodium moved immediately when it enters in contact with the drop of detergent. That’s maybe because the detergent is totally not attracted by the lycopodium. [ †¦ ] Experiment #5: Fill a clean 250 ml. beaker to about 1 cm. below the top. Place two glass rods in the beaker, side by side. Where is the water between them? If it’s not easy to see, add some drops of a dye to make water more visible.image03.png Water is just attached to the glass, and it is possible to find it also outside the beaker, in the back of the two glass rods (as shown in the figure). That’s probably because if the space is smaller, the pull is stronger. Glass molecules are bigger than water molecules, so they use to attract them.

Examine how a labor agreement is administered Essay

Examine how a labor agreement is administered - Essay Example The allotted time frame under step 2 is 10 workdays. After which, if the issues still remain unresolved, the matter is elevated to the chief steward (to represent the grievant) and the immediate supervisor elevates the concern to the department manager, who is the authorized personnel to review and evaluate the matter. The time allotted for step 3 is 15 days. Step 4 is being addressed by local union president and the vice president for industrial relations. A total of 30 workdays is allotted to mediate the matter. Finally, step 5 already calls for arbitration when the issues still have not been resolved (Chapter 14: The Dynamics of Labor Relations, 2012). â€Å"Thousands of Greeks walked off the job on Thursday in the third general strike of the year, this time called by labor unions to protest a surprise decision by the conservative-led government to close the state broadcaster and put about 2,900 employees out of work† (Kitsantonis, 2013); Personally, I strongly believe that unions are formed to serve the best interests of employees or members of the labor force, especially those whose voices could not be aptly heard and duly represented in an organization. Thus, unions’ effectiveness could be measured in terms of their ability to forge a congenial agreement with management (or authorized representatives of the organization) and with the employees (who are members of the union) regarding labor relations issues and concerns. When clear conditions and stipulations have been clearly set by both parties and have been properly evaluated and agreed upon, it would be an indication that the needs and concerns of the employees are effectively represented and served. Thus, unions’ success in serving the labor relations needs of these employees (and that which are acceptable to management) are the standards of measurement for their

The Principle of Foreseeability and Proximity by Lord Atkin Essay

The Principle of Foreseeability and Proximity by Lord Atkin - Essay Example Inking V. Philliphs (1952), (K. Abbott, K. Wardley, B. Law 2001 taxi over a boy’s cycle. The boy who was not on the bicycle screamed. This mother (P) heard the scream and on looking out of the window saw the crushed bicycle but not her son. As a result, she suffered shock which made her ill. She failed in her action against D because it was held that a driver could only reasonably foresee that his carelessness would affect other road users and not persons in houses. He did not, therefore, owe a duty of care to P. In Tutton V. Wather (1985) (Ibid) P kept bees on land near D’s form D had a crop of oilseed rape which, when in flower, is particularly, attractive to bees. Despite clear written instructions to the contrary, D sprayed his crop while it was in flower, with a pesticide that was total to bees. His defence to P’s action was that no duty was owed because he was doing on his own land something that he was entitled to and that the bees came on the land without permission and were basically trespassers, the judge did not accept these arguments. It was held that the duty was owed under the neighbour principle and it had been broken. P, therefore, received compensation for the loss of his bee colony. The principle of foreseeability and proximity as laid down by lord ATKIN was again affirmed in Home office V. Dorset Yacht Co. Ltd. (Justice, P. Singh, how of farts 23rd edition) in which case some borstal trainees escaped one night due to the negligence of the Borstal officers who contrary to orders were in bed. The trainees caused damage to a yacht, the owner of which sued the home office for damages.

The Main Features and Problems Faced by Service organisations In Essay

The Main Features and Problems Faced by Service organisations In pursuing this Technique(Banks in the UK) - Essay Example More than 74% of the United States work force for example is employed on this sector (Li H. & Smith L.2001).With a dramatic fall in labour cost, the cost of processing information, overheads has become far more important in the present age of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) with direct labour representing 5%. Thus, it therefore now appears difficult to justify the use of direct labour or direct material as the basis for absorbing overheads.ABC was developed to overcome some of the major problems of the traditional cost accounting. The 80s witnessed an influx of research in to this concept. Activity based costing involves the identification of the factors which cause the costs of an organisations major activities (Lewis; J.R., 1993). In this regard overhead are charged on the basis of their usage of factor causing the overhead. In the UK and the US, information and manufacturing technology are widely used in both manufacturing and the service sector, with both sectors experiencing different degree of the usage (Palmer, A.2000). The four main characteristics inherent to services provide an answer to the main problem of ABC in the service industry. ... There is a strong possibility that the same enquiry would be answered slightly differently by different people. 1.2 Activity based costing and the service industry in the UK (Banking Sector). By the end of the 1980s, ABC became the focal point within the realms of academic researchers, consultants and managers as a means of overcoming the disadvantages of traditional cost allocation methods. Cost accounting was limited to it s usage of one volume sensitive driver (Cooper & Kaplan 1991). By 1990 initial followers of ABC in the manufacturing sector were able to reduce cost, identify opportunities for improvement and determine a more profitable product mix (Cooper & Kaplan 1991). Thus, the concept gradually gain grounds and became popular in the manufacturing sector. In the service sector, the adoption of ABC has been relatively slow, and the concept was rarely used apart from the health and banking sector. A recent study however, by Schultz & Rostocki (2004) concluded that, the rate of adoption of ABC in service and manufacturing industry was now similar. An essential part of managing and ensuring the long term competitiveness of banking institutions in the United Kingdom will be to configure, manage the service deliveries and their chain of distribution processes. The financial sector in the UK, like in any other country is characterised with the following characteristic Banking institutions and other financial houses are price takers. This is so because the prevailing market price has to be accepted. Large number of institutions offering the same services with none of these institutions being able to influence price. However, their actions are not negligible. As a move by institution A will trigger a whole chain of event, in the form of competitive service